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The BBC's Rana Jawad: "Egypt could find itself plunging into a cycle of violence"
At least 40 people have been killed in a shooting incident in Cairo, amid ongoing unrest over the removal of Egypt's President Mohammed Morsi.
The Muslim Brotherhood says its members were fired on at a barracks where they believe Mr Morsi is being held, during a sit-in demanding his reinstatement.
However the army said a "terrorist group" had tried to storm the barracks.
Mr Morsi, an Islamist and Egypt's first freely elected leader, was ousted by the army last week after mass protests.
Scores of people have been killed since the unrest began at the end of last month.
Mr Morsi is believed to be detained at the Presidential Guard Club, in the eastern Nasr City district of the capital.
Analysis
Ahmed Maher BBC Arabic, Cairo
There was a sombre mood in Cairo as people woke up to the news of killing and bloodshed.
Eyewitness accounts of what happened outside the Presidential Guards Club have inflamed the already simmering tensions. For Egyptians, it is shocking news no matter who started the gunfight.
The deadly incident is not the first. On Friday, three protesters were killed at the same spot in unclear circumstances but against a backdrop of a stand-off between the army and the pro-Morsi protesters.
The latest shooting is likely to lead to a political breakdown as the Islamist Nour party, the largest Salafist group, withdrew from marathon talks with interim president Adly Mansour to form a caretaker government.
His supporters - many of them members of Mr Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood movement - have been staging a sit-in there. They say the army has mounted a coup and that Mr Morsi is the legitimate president.
After Monday morning's violence, the hardline Salafist Nour party - which had supported Mr Morsi's removal - said it was withdrawing from talks to choose an interim prime minister, describing the shooting incident as a "massacre".
'Weapons seized'The Egyptian health ministry said at least 40 people had been killed, including an army officer, while the Brotherhood put the number of dead at 53, and said children were among the victims.
Some 300 people were reported wounded.
TV channels broadcast images of dead and injured people being taken to clinics and field hospitals.
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Protester Mohamed Ali: "Blood was coming out of my face"
But there were conflicting reports over how the violence unfolded.
The Muslim Brotherhood said the army had raided its sit-in at about 04:00 (02:00 GMT) as protesters were performing dawn prayers.
"The protesters were taken unawares and the troops used live ammunition, bird shot and tear gas," protester Alaa el-Hadidi told the BBC.
Another protester, Mahmud al-Shilli, told AFP news agency that troops had used tear gas but that a group of men in civilian clothing had then opened fire.
"The thugs came from the side. We were the target," he told AFP.
The Freedom and Justice Party (FJP), the Brotherhood's political wing - which took nearly half the seats in last year's historic election - called on Egyptians to stage an "uprising" in response to the incident, against "those trying to steal their revolution with tanks".
It also urged "the international community and international groups and all the free people of the world to intervene to stop further massacres" and to stop Egypt becoming "a new Syria".
But in a statement read on state media, the army blamed the shooting on "an armed terrorist group" that had tried to storm the barracks.
It said an army officer was among those killed and that a number of others were wounded, some critically.
The statement said some 200 people had been arrested and were found to have weapons, ammunition and petrol bombs.
Prosecutors have also ordered the closure of the FJP headquarters in Cairo, after police said weapons had been found inside.
The army later said two soldiers had been briefly kidnapped by Morsi supporters.
It said that in two separate instances men armed with guns and knives had forced the soldiers into vehicles and made them repeat pro-Morsi statements, filming one of them doing so.
The soldiers managed to escape, said the Mena news agency.
Political setbackMr Morsi was ousted on Wednesday by the military, which said it was responding to the demands of the people.
Army's post-Morsi roadmap
- Constitution to be suspended temporarily and interim president sworn in
- "Strong and competent" civilian technocratic government to be installed
- Supreme Court to pass a draft law on parliamentary election and prepare for parliamentary and presidential polls
- "Charter of honour" to be drawn up and followed by the media
- Measures taken to empower young people and a national reconciliation committee to be formed
Protesters had been demanding that Mr Morsi step down, saying he had failed to tackle Egypt's economic problems and was becoming increasingly authoritarian.
He was replaced on Thursday by Adly Mansour - the head of the Supreme Constitutional Court. Mr Mansour has pledged to hold elections soon, but as yet has given no date for them.
The army has insisted it does not want to remain in power.
On Sunday, tens of thousands of both supporters and opponents of Mr Morsi rallied in many Egyptian cities.
The BBC's Jim Muir in Cairo says that despite the conflicting reports about Monday's violence, it is clear that blood has been shed, which will aggravate an already critical situation.
The withdrawal of the ultra-conservative Nour party from the political transition talks will also set back efforts to appoint a new prime minister, our correspondent adds.
Party spokesman Nadder Bakkar said it had "decided to withdraw immediately from all negotiations in response to the massacre".
Though the Islamist party had backed the army-led "roadmap" to new elections, it had blocked the appointment of two potential prime ministers because of concerns over the shape of a new constitution.
One of those rejected by Nour, leading opposition figure Mohamed ElBaradei, condemned the violence and called for an "immediate independent and transparent investigation", saying Egypt was "in dire need of reconciliation".
Continue reading the main storyBowen: Egypt's failed democratic experiment
Connolly: An unpresidential democracy
What next for Muslim Brotherhood?
Key players in the Egyptian crisis
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