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Mr Mansour praised the armed forces and the Egyptian people
The top judge of Egypt's Constitutional Court, Adly Mahmud Mansour, has been sworn in as interim leader, hours after the army ousted President Mohammed Morsi and put him under house arrest.
Mr Mansour said fresh elections were "the only way" forward, but gave no indication of when they would be held.
Mr Morsi, Egypt's first freely elected leader, is under house arrest after what he says was a military coup.
The army said he had "failed to meet the demands of the people".
The upheaval comes after days of mass rallies against the Islamist president.
Protesters accused Mr Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood of pursuing an Islamist agenda and of failing to tackle Egypt's economic problems.
The health ministry says at least 10 people were killed and scores injured in clashes across the country. Some 50 people have died since the latest unrest began on Sunday.
Continue reading the main storyMr Mansour was sworn in as chief justice of the Supreme Constitutional Court on Thursday morning, then shortly after, took the oath to become interim head of state.
He swore to "preserve the system of the republic, and respect the constitution and law, and guard the people's interests".
The time had come to "stop our industry of making tyrants", he said.
Elections would be held based on "the genuine people's will not a fraudulent one", he said. "This is the only way for a brighter future, a freer future, a more democratic one".
Mr Mansour also praised the military as "the conscience of the nation and the guarantor of its security and safety".
US concernMr Morsi's opponents had celebrated through the night in Cairo's Tahrir Square, after the army announced it had suspended the Islamist-backed constitution - approved by a referendum in 2012 - and pledged to hold new elections.
"Start Quote
End Quote David Cameron UK Prime MinisterWhat now needs to happen now in Egypt is for democracy to flourish and for a genuine democratic transition to take place"
Gehad el-Haddad, a spokesman for Mr Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood, told the BBC the ousted leader had been put under house arrest and the "entire presidential team" was in detention.
Mr Haddad's father, senior Morsi aide Essam el-Haddad, and Saad al-Katatni, head of the Brotherhood's political wing, are among those held.
The state-run al-Ahram newspaper reported that arrest warrants had been issued for 300 leaders and members of the Muslim Brotherhood.
US President Barack Obama has said he is "deeply concerned" by the latest turn of events and called for a swift return to civilian rule.
The removal of the president followed four days of mass protests against Mr Morsi and an ultimatum issued by the military, which expired on Wednesday afternoon.
In his televised speech, Gen Sisi said the armed forces could not ignore the call of the Egyptian masses.
He spoke of a new roadmap for the future, and said Mr Mansour would be given the task of "running the country's affairs during the transitional period until the election of a new president".
The army's roadmap for the post-Morsi era includes:
- Suspension of the constitution
- A civilian, transitional technocratic government
- Supreme Constitutional Court to prepare for presidential and parliamentary elections
- A "charter of honour" to be drawn up and followed by national media
The army moved quickly after Gen Sisi's speech, with military vehicles seen fanning out across the capital.
Egypt's revolution - key events
- 11 February 2011 - Hosni Mubarak resigns as president after two weeks of massive street protests and violent clashes
- January 2012 - Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated Freedom and Justice Party wins parliamentary elections with almost half of votes
- June 2012 - Mohammed Morsi becomes Egypt's first freely elected president
- 22 November 2012 - Mr Morsi issues a controversial decree granting himself extensive powers - after angry protests he eventually rescinds most of it
- 3 July 2013 - The army suspends the constitution and removes Mr Morsi from power
TV stations belonging to the Brotherhood went off air and state news agency Mena said managers at the movement's Misr25 channel had been arrested.
A notice on Mr Morsi's Facebook page condemned the "military coup".
The statement asked Egyptian citizens to "abide by the constitution and the law and not to respond to this coup".
Mr Morsi, who had pledged his life to defend constitutional legitimacy, accused the army of "taking only one side".
In Tahrir Square thousands of anti-Morsi protesters celebrated with fireworks and honking car horns.
One protester, Omar Sherif, told AFP news agency: "It's a new historical moment. We got rid of Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood."
The BBC's Kevin Connolly in Cairo says no-one knows what will happen next. The danger, he says, is that both sides will try to settle differences by bringing supporters on to the streets.
The army has said it will not allow that to happen but, our correspondent says, it will not be easy to stop.
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General Abdul Fattah Al-Sisi makes the televised announcement
After Gen Sisi's address, both Pope Tawadros II - the head of the Coptic Church - and leading opposition figure Mohammed ElBaradei made short televised speeches about the new roadmap for Egypt's future which they had agreed with the army.
Mr ElBaradei said the roadmap aimed for national reconciliation and represented a fresh start to the January 2011 revolution.
Opposition leader and former Arab League chief Amr Moussa told AFP that consultations for a government and reconciliation "will start from now".
"Start Quote
End QuoteThe fact is the Obama administration won't be tremendously disappointed by what has happened"
Mr Morsi became Egypt's first Islamist president on 30 June 2012, after winning an election considered free and fair following the 2011 revolution that toppled Hosni Mubarak.
However his term in office was marred by constant political unrest and a sinking economy.
The mass protests at the weekend that led to the army's intervention were called by the Tamarod (Rebel) movement, in response to worsening social and economic conditions.
But there has been a growing sense of discontent since last November, when Mr Morsi issued a controversial constitutional declaration granting himself extensive powers.
His moves to entrench Islamic laws and concentrate power in the hands of the Muslim Brotherhood also alienated liberals and secularists.
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