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The BBC filmed some people voting twice
Ukraine has condemned two unofficial referendums organised by pro-Russia groups in the east of the country as "a farce" with no legal basis.
Separatists in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions say 89% and 96% respectively voted in favour of "self-rule".
BBC reporters at polling stations on Sunday witnessed few checks on identity and multiple voting in places.
Russia has called for the results to be implemented without any further outbreaks of violence.
At the scene
This was no ordinary election. There were no independent monitors at the polls. In Mariupol, one colleague saw a woman putting multiple papers into the ballot box. This was a vote that was organised, run and then counted by the activists behind it.
When talking to people going to vote and asking them what they were voting for, they had very different opinions. Some thought they were casting their ballot to join Russia; some people believed they were voting just to have more power in eastern Ukraine. Even the leaders of the referendum have different comments when you ask them what this is about.
The people behind it are claiming a great victory. They will be emboldened and are already talking about forming essentially a parallel government, even a parallel military structure.
It is an important moment in this crisis, where we are seeing this country moving towards a deeper division, perhaps even some kind of break-up.
In a brief statement, the Kremlin described the referendums as "the will of the people" and noted the "high turnout".
The Kremlin denounced what it claimed had been "attempts to disrupt the votes, with the use of force, including the use of heavy weapons, against civilians", reports the BBC's Steve Rosenberg in Moscow.
The Russian authorities said they expected the results of the vote to be implemented in a civilised manner, without any repetition of violence and called for dialogue between Kiev, Donetsk and Luhansk.
The Kremlin suggested that the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) could help organise such a dialogue.
Later Russia's Foreign Minister, Sergei Lavrov, said there were no plans to hold fresh international talks on the crisis - he accused the West of an "information blockade" over events in Ukraine and of "shameless lies".
German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier is to travel to Kiev on Tuesday to promote "dialogue".
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Russia's Sergei Lavrov: "We respect the will of the population of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions"
"We have to be prepared for what to do if someone prevents the elections on 25 May. It that is going to happen... then we have to think about further sanctions," he said.
Earlier, Ukraine's interim President Oleksandr Turchynov told Ukraine's parliament that "the farce that terrorist separatists call a referendum is nothing more than propaganda to cover up murders, kidnappings, violence and other serious crimes".
The EU and US also said the polls were illegal.
Going into a meeting of EU foreign ministers in Brussels on Monday, UK Foreign Minister William Hague said the European Union might impose further sanctions on Russia should Moscow disrupt the Ukrainian presidential election on 25 May.
A number of towns in the two eastern regions refused to hold the referendums.
They were held despite an earlier call for a delay by Russian President Vladimir Putin in order to create the conditions necessary for dialogue.
Eastern Ukraine referendum
- Votes in separatist-controlled cities and towns of Donetsk and Luhansk regions
- Some 3,000,000 ballot papers ask: "Do you support the Act of State Self-rule of the Donetsk/Luhansk People's Republic?"
- Second round on joining Russia planned for 18 May
- Vote deemed illegal by Kiev government and international community
In other developments:
- BBC reporters said only a handful of polling stations served Mariupol, a city of half a million
- Anyone could vote in any polling station in the region simply by scribbling their name on a piece of paper, they say
- The BBC filmed a woman casting two ballots
- One pro-Ukraine teacher said she received death threats after refusing to let rebels use her school as a polling station
After the first round of voting in which voters were asked whether they supported self-rule, a second round of voting is planned in a week's time, asking whether people support joining Russia.
Organisers also say they will boycott Ukraine's presidential elections on 25 May.
Russia annexed Ukraine's southern autonomous republic of Crimea after a March referendum.
Russia is estimated to have some 40,000 troops near the border and says they have been pulled back, but Nato says it has seen no sign of this.
Are you in Donetsk or Luhansk region, or elsewhere in Ukraine? What do you think of the "self-rule" referendums? Send us your thoughts by emailing haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk using the subject line "Ukraine".
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