The US Army says there is a "strong possibility" a gunman who killed three people at a base in Texas was involved in an argument before the shooting.
Lt Gen Mark Milley formally identified the attacker as Specialist Ivan Lopez, 34, who later shot himself.
He told reporters there was "very strong evidence" that Lopez, originally from Puerto Rico, had an unstable psychological condition.
Sixteen others were wounded in the attack.
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The communities around Fort Hood have been flying flags at half-mast, as Nick Bryant reports
Officials have said that Lopez had served in Iraq and was being assessed for post-traumatic stress disorder.
"There may have been a verbal altercation with another soldier or soldiers," Gen Milley said.
With almost every flag flying at half-mast, the community surrounding Fort Hood, Texas, is undertaking the rituals of mourning that people here hoped they'd never have to repeat.
It was less than five years ago that a gun rampage on the base left 13 soldiers dead. To absorb what happened on Wednesday is to revisit that awful past.
What makes this especially troubling is that American bases are supposed to offer the military a safe haven away from death and conflict.
Fort Hood, perhaps more so than any other base in America, has paid a heavy price for almost 13 years of continuous conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan. It is not just measured in blood spilt but damaged minds.
The shooter, 34-year-old Ivan Lopez, had not been involved in combat in Iraq, but he was being assessed for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
According to the department of veteran affairs, up to 20% of military personnel who served in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars have suffered from PTSD.
"And there's a strong possibility that that in fact immediately preceded the shooting, but we do not have that definitively at this point, but we do have strong indications of that."
Gen Milley also told reporters: "We have very strong evidence that he had a medical history that indicates an unstable psychiatric or psychological condition… we believe that to be a fundamental, underlying causal factor."
He also confirmed that the pistol used in the attack was bought from the same store, Guns Galore in nearby Killeen, where the soldier behind the 2009 gun rampage at Fort Hood purchased his.
'Tragic'Wednesday's shooting took place at two buildings on the base at about 16:00 local time (21:00 GMT).
The gunman walked into one of the buildings and opened fire with a .45-calibre semi-automatic pistol.
He then got into a vehicle and continued firing before entering another building and opening fire again.
It was here that Lopez was eventually stopped by military police, shooting himself in the head when confronted by a female officer in the car park.
The shooting incident lasted between 15 and 20 minutes.
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Lt Gen Mark Milley said investigators were trying to establish whether there had been a "trigger event" ahead of the attack
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'This is the second time the Fort Hood community has been affected'
Nine of those injured are being treated in hospital. Three of them were initially in a critical condition but that has since been changed to "serious".
The shooting has shocked America's political and military community.
President Barack Obama said: "To see this unspeakable, senseless violence happen in a place where they're supposed to feel safe - home base - is tragic."
Fort Hood was the scene of a gun rampage in 2009 that left 13 soldiers dead and 32 wounded.
Maj Nidal Hasan was sentenced to death last September for that attack.
It was the deadliest attack on a domestic military installation in US history.
Hasan said he opened fire to protect Taliban insurgents from US troops who were about to deploy to Afghanistan.
The building where the attack took place has only recently been demolished to make way for a place of remembrance.
Another US soldier, Naser Jason Abdo, was jailed for life for plotting to blow up a restaurant full of troops near Fort Hood in 2011.
The Texas native and Muslim convert said he had been inspired by Hasan.
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