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Shinzo Abe's visit will make relations with China worse, says the BBC's Rupert Wingfield-Hayes
Japan's prime minister has infuriated China and South Korea by visiting a shrine that honours Japan's war dead, including some convicted war criminals.
Shinzo Abe said his visit to Yasukuni was an anti-war gesture.
But China called the visit "absolutely unacceptable to the Chinese people", and Seoul expressed "regret and anger".
They see Yasukuni as a symbol of Tokyo's aggression during World War Two, when Japan occupied large parts of China and the Korean peninsula.
The US embassy in Tokyo said in a statement it was "disappointed" and that Mr Abe's actions would "exacerbate tensions" with Japan's neighbours.
Yasukuni Shrine
- Built in 1869 under the Emperor Meiji
- Venerates the souls of 2.5m war dead
- Those enshrined include hundreds of convicted war criminals, among them executed war-time leader Hideki Tojo
- Shrine organisers stress that many thousands of civilians are honoured
- China and South Korea see shrine as glorification of Japanese atrocities
China, Japan and South Korea are embroiled in a number of disputes over territory in the East China Sea.
'Major obstacle'It was the first visit to Yasukuni by a serving prime minister since Junichiro Koizumi went in 2006.
Mr Abe, who took office a year ago, entered the shrine on Thursday morning, wearing a morning suit and grey tie. His arrival was televised live.
"I chose this day to report [to the souls of the dead] what we have done in the year since the administration launched and to pledge and determine that never again will people suffer in war," he said.
"It is not my intention at all to hurt the feelings of the Chinese and Korean people."
Officials said Mr Abe visited the shrine in a private capacity and was not representing the government.
But Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said: "We strongly protest and seriously condemn the Japanese leader's acts.
"This poses a major political obstacle in the improvement of bilateral relations. Japan must take responsibility for all the consequences that this creates."
Analysis
If the shrine is so offensive to China and South Korea why did Mr Abe go?
Firstly, because he wanted to. Close observers of the Japanese prime minister say he is at heart a nationalist and a historical revisionist.
He believes the trials that convicted Japan's wartime leaders were "victors' justice".
His own grandfather Nobusuke Kishi served in the war cabinet and was arrested by the Americans on suspicion of being a Class A war criminal. He was later released without charge.
But the stain of association with Japan's war crimes in China never completely went away.
Secondly, Mr Abe's support base comes from the right wing of the Liberal Democratic Party.
According to Professor Jeff Kingston of Temple University in Tokyo, Mr Abe is "showing he is a tough guy", that he is not afraid of China. It is something that plays very well to his base.
The BBC's Rupert Wingfield-Hayes in Tokyo says Japan made an unwritten agreement with China in the 1970s that serving leaders would not visit the shrine.
Mr Abe appears to have broken that deal, our correspondent says.
In August, Mr Abe sent a ritual offering to the shrine but was not among a group of dozens of Japanese politicians who visited Yasukuni.
During an earlier period in office between 2006-2007 he said he would not even discuss visiting the shrine "as long as the issue remains a diplomatic problem".
Yasukuni commemorates some 2.5 million Japanese men, women and children who have died in wars.
But the souls of hundreds of convicted WW2 criminals are also enshrined there.
Fourteen so-called Class A criminals - those who were involved in planning the war - are among those honoured. They include war-time leader General Hideki Tojo, who was executed for war crimes in 1948.
Mr Abe's grandfather, Nobusuke Kishi, was minister of industry for much of the war. He was arrested after Japan's surrender but was never charged and went on to serve as prime minister.
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