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Eyewitnesses saw armed men in black, their heads covered in scarves, entering the Westgate shopping centre on Saturday afternoon
At least 59 people were killed and 175 injured in Saturday's attack on a Nairobi shopping centre, a Kenyan government minister has said.
Joe Lenku said 1,000 people had managed to escape from the Westgate centre after the assault by suspected al-Shabab militants.
He added that between 10 to 15 attackers were still in the building.
It is not known how many civilians remain trapped there - either as hostages or hiding from the militants.
At the scene
There is increasing activity here. We've heard gunfire ring out about twice in the past hour, and we've seen many ambulances coming in and out.
At the moment police say the situation is under control, they say know where the gunmen are, and they have them contained.
They've also asked the public to volunteer information about people still in the building. You get the feeling the police don't know how many are in there.
This is an upmarket shopping mall - it's one of the more exclusive ones in Nairobi. It often attracts foreigners and wealthy Kenyans, many of them of Indian descent. This is a situation which is cutting across race, tribes and nationalities.
There is a heavy military presence both in and around the shopping centre, and sporadic gunfire can be heard from inside.
There are reports that the gunmen are currently holed up in a supermarket.
Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta earlier vowed to "hunt down the perpetrators wherever they run to".
Al-Shabab told the BBC it carried out the attack on the upmarket shopping centre in response to Kenyan military operations in Somalia.
There are about 4,000 Kenyan troops in the south of Somalia, where they have been fighting the militants since 2011.
'Watching and monitoring'Kenyan officials said "major operations" were under way with police and soldiers preparing an apparent bid to bring an end to the stand-off.
They said the security forces had finally "pinned down" the surviving gunmen.
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Interior Minister Joseph Ole Lenku says the operation at the shopping centre is "very very delicate"
"The work is continuing, but you cannot rush these things," an army officer posted on the perimeter cordon set up around the mall told the AFP news agency.
"Our teams are there, we are watching and monitoring, we will finish this as soon as we can."
Al-Shabab has claimed there are at least 36 hostages, but this cannot be independently confirmed and there are also likely to be people hiding away from the attackers.
The authorities have asked journalists to exercise caution when reporting military developments because the gunmen might be monitoring the media.
"Hostiles suspected to have access to the internet," the Disaster Operation Centre in Nairobi posted on Twitter.
"Reports on personnel movement and progress will not be posted for fear of compromising strategy."
"The gunmen have been contained in one location, but there are hostages elsewhere in the vicinity who cannot access the exit".
Upper levels of the mall had been secured, it said.
The authorities are also appealing for Kenyans to donate blood for the injured - and big queues are forming at a donation centre in central Nairobi.
The attack began at about 12:00 local time (09:00 GMT) on Saturday, when the attackers entered the Westgate centre throwing grenades and firing automatic weapons. A children's day event was being held at the time - children are among those reported killed.
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Manager: "Bullets were running over my head...I crawled into my office and I locked myself inside."
Some witnesses said the militants told Muslims to leave and said non-Muslims would be targeted.
"They came and said: 'If you are Muslim, stand up. We've come to rescue you'," said Elijah Lamau.
He said the Muslims left with their hands up, and then the gunmen shot two people.
Scores of people fled or were evacuated while police and armed security guards fought running gun battles with the militants throughout the mall for hours.
The BBC's security correspondent Frank Gardner says a security source told him that at least one of the attackers was a woman who appeared to have some kind of leadership role.
In a televised address on Saturday evening, Mr Kenyatta said: "We shall hunt down the perpetrators wherever they run to. We shall get to them and we shall punish them for this heinous crime."
He said he had "personally lost family members in the Westgate attack".
British Foreign Secretary William Hague said there would "undoubtedly" be British nationals caught up in Saturday's events, while the US State Department said it had reports that American citizens were injured in what it called "a senseless act of violence".
Analysis
Kenya has about 4,000 troops in southern Somalia, as part of a larger African Union (AU) force of 17,000 soldiers.
The AU force - known as Amisom - attacks al-Shabab where it can. Al-Shabab responds by mounting hit and run attacks. It says the members of Amisom are invaders stopping its legitimate vision of creating an Islamic state.
Here in Kismayo, for example, the airport comes under regular attack by small arms fire suspected to come from al-Shabab positions.
Two French citizens and two Canadians, including a diplomat, are also among the dead.
Nairobi's mortuary superintendent, Sammy Nyongesa Jacob, told Reuters that Africans, Asians and Caucasians were among the bodies brought to the mortuary.
Security experts are reported to have long warned that the complex, which is part Israeli-owned, was in danger of being subjected to a terror attack.
Al-Shabab, which is part of the al-Qaeda network, has repeatedly threatened attacks on Kenyan soil if Nairobi did not pull its troops out of Somalia.
The BBC's Mark Doyle, who is embedded with the African Union (AU) mission in Somalia, says AU troops attack al-Shabab where they can.
Al-Shabab believes the AU forces are invaders stopping their legitimate vision of creating an Islamic state - and the group responds by mounting hit-and-run attacks, our correspondent says.
This is one of the worst incidents in Kenya since the attack on the US embassy in August 1998.
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Footage from inside the mall shows the aftermath of the shoot-out
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