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The cardinals have been seeking divine guidance for the choice ahead
Cardinals gathered in Rome to elect the new Pope will begin voting later, with no clear frontrunner to take over as head of the Roman Catholic Church.
The 115 cardinal-electors have attended a special Mass in St Peter's Basilica.
This afternoon they will process into the Sistine Chapel to begin their secret deliberations. They will vote four times daily until two-thirds can agree on a candidate.
The election was prompted by the surprise abdication of Benedict XVI.
The 85-year-old stepped down last month saying he was no longer strong enough to lead the church, which is beset by problems ranging from a worldwide scandal over sexual abuse to allegations of corruption at the Vatican bank.
Benedict's resignation and the recent damage to the Church's reputation make the choice of the cardinal-electors especially hard to predict, the BBC's James Robbins in Rome says.
They will weigh pressure for a powerful manager to reform the Vatican against calls for a new Pope able to inspire the faithful, our correspondent adds.
Strict secrecyAt Tuesday morning's "Mass for the Election of the Supreme Pontiff" in St Peter's Basilica the cardinals sought divine guidance for the election ahead.
Conclave interactive video
Step inside our virtual Sistine Chapel as Philippa Thomas explains the process to elect a new Pope
In his homily, the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Cardinal Angelo Sodano praised the "brilliant pontificate" of Pope Benedict and implored God to grant another "Good Shepherd" to lead the church.
He outlined the mission Catholics believe was given by Jesus Christ to St Peter - the first Pope - emphasising love and sacrifice, evangelization and the unity of the church.
The BBC's Michael Hirst in Rome says the speech was more measured in tone than the address given in 2005 by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger before he became Pope Benedict, which featured a fiery attack on the "dictatorship of relativism".
In the afternoon, 115 cardinal-electors - all under 80, as those over 80 are excluded - will proceed into the Sistine Chapel for the secret conclave to select Benedict's successor.
Once they have taken an oath of secrecy, Msgr Guido Marini, papal master of ceremonies, will call out the words "Extra omnes" - "Everybody out" - and the chapel doors will be locked to outsiders.
On Tuesday morning several cardinals took to Twitter to say goodbye to their followers before being cut off from the outside world.
"Last tweet before the conclave: May Our Father hear and answer with love and mercy all prayers and sacrifices offered for a fruitful outcome," South African Cardinal Wilfrid Napier tweeted.
Jamming devices in the Sistine Chapel should block all electronic communication and anyone tweeting would in any case risk being excommunicated.
Conclave in numbers
- 115 cardinal-electors
- Two-thirds - or 77 - need to agree on papal candidate
- Four votes per day, two in the morning and two in the evening
- Chosen candidate will be 266th Pope
- He will lead world's 1.2 billion Catholics
Benedict - now known as Pope emeritus - resigned on 28 February after eight years in office, citing ill health. He was the first Pope in six centuries to do so.
As Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, in 2005 he was the marked favourite ahead of the conclave and was elected pope after just four rounds of voting.
The vote for his successor is expected to take much longer.
After 10 general congregations open to all cardinals, regardless of age - at which 160 cardinals spoke of the issues facing the church and the qualities needed by its next leader - no clear frontrunner has emerged.
"Last time around there was a man of stature, three or four times that of any other cardinal," French Cardinal Philippe Barbarin told reporters, according to Reuters news agency.
"That is not the case this time around. Therefore, the choice has to be made among one, two, three, four... a dozen candidates.
"We still don't really know anything. We will have to wait for the results of the first ballot."
Candidates named as contenders include Cardinal Angelo Scola of Milan, Brazil's Odilo Scherer, and the US Cardinal Timothy Dolan - though he told one interviewer anyone who thought he was in with a chance might be "smoking marijuana".
Once inside the Sistine Chapel, cardinals will listen to a meditation by elderly Maltese Cardinal Prosper Grech before holding a first vote, after which their ballot papers will be burned.
The smoke that will drift out of the chapel's chimney early in the evening is likely to be black - meaning no Pope has been elected.
From Wednesday, two votes will be held each morning and afternoon - with ballots burned after each session - until one candidate attains a two-thirds majority (77 votes).
Then the smoke will be white, meaning the 266th bishop of Rome will have been chosen.
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